MongoDB 是当下最流行的 NoSQL 数据库之一，Docker 安装 apache 的方式有两种
如果你是 Docker 初学者，如果你以后长期使用 mongodb ，我们建议你两种方法都试一试，为什么呢？
原因很简单，第一种方法，简单快捷，第二种方法，就是尝试自己编译安装
1. docker pull mongodb
如果想以最简单的方式安装 MongoDB, 可以直接使用 docker pull mongo 命令
流程如下
1、 查找DockerHub上的mongodb镜像；
[root@ddkk.com ~]# docker search mongodb
NAME ... OFFICIAL ...
mongo ... [OK] ...
mongo-express [OK] ...
列表很多，我们推荐你使用 OFFICIAL = OK 的那两条
1. mongo 是官方数据库
2. mongo-express 是官方使用 Node.js 开发的 MongoDB 管理后台
2、 拉取官方最新的MongoDB镜像；
[root@ddkk.com ~]# docker pull mongo
Using default tag: latest
...
3、 稍等片刻，下载完成后就可以在本地镜像列表里看到mongo的镜像了；
[root@ddkk.com apache]# docker images mongodb
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mongo latest f93ff881751f 5 days ago 367.6 MB
2. 通过 Dockerfile 文件构建
如果你是运维工程师，我们推荐你使用 Dockerfile 文件构建 mongodb 镜像
因为可以加深对安装 mongodb 的理解
现在，我们一步一步使用 Dockerfile 文件构建 mongodb 镜像吧
1、 创建目录mongo用于存放后面的相关东西；
[root@ddkk.com ~]# mkdir -p ~/mongo/db
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">目录</th>
<th align="left">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left">mongo</td>
<td align="left">该目录存放 <code>Dockerfile</code> 文件和 <code>db</code> 数据库目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">mongo/db</td>
<td align="left">该目录将映射为 mongodb 容器的数据库目录</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
2、 进入创建的mongo目录，创建docker-entrypoint.sh脚本用于管理MongoDB数据库；
[root@ddkk.com ~]# cd mongo
[root@ddkk.com mongo] touch docker-entrypoint.sh
[root@ddkk.com mongo] chmod +x docker-entrypoint.sh
[root@ddkk.com mongo] vi docker-entrypoint.sh
然后输入以下内容
# !/bin/bash
# 注意去掉上一行 # ! 之间的空格
set -Eeuo pipefail
if [ "${1:0:1}" = '-' ]; then
set -- mongod "$@"
fi
originalArgOne="$1"
# allow the container to be started with --user
# all mongo* commands should be dropped to the correct user
if [[ "$originalArgOne" == mongo* ]] && [ "$(id -u)" = '0' ]; then
if [ "$originalArgOne" = 'mongod' ]; then
chown -R mongodb /data/configdb /data/db
fi
# make sure we can write to stdout and stderr as "mongodb"
# (for our "initdb" code later; see "--logpath" below)
chown --dereference mongodb "/proc/$$/fd/1" "/proc/$$/fd/2" || :
# ignore errors thanks to https://github.com/docker-library/mongo/issues/149
exec gosu mongodb "$BASH_SOURCE" "$@"
fi
# you should use numactl to start your mongod instances, including the config servers, mongos instances, and any clients.
# https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/administration/production-notes/#configuring-numa-on-linux
if [[ "$originalArgOne" == mongo* ]]; then
numa='numactl --interleave=all'
if $numa true &> /dev/null; then
set -- $numa "$@"
fi
fi
# usage: file_env VAR [DEFAULT]
# ie: file_env 'XYZ_DB_PASSWORD' 'example'
# (will allow for "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD_FILE" to fill in the value of
# "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD" from a file, especially for Docker's secrets feature)
file_env() {
local var="$1"
local fileVar="${var}_FILE"
local def="${2:-}"
if [ "${!var:-}" ] && [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
echo >&2 "error: both $var and $fileVar are set (but are exclusive)"
exit 1
fi
local val="$def"
if [ "${!var:-}" ]; then
val="${!var}"
elif [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
val="$(< "${!fileVar}")"
fi
export "$var"="$val"
unset "$fileVar"
}
# see https://github.com/docker-library/mongo/issues/147 (mongod is picky about duplicated arguments)
_mongod_hack_have_arg() {
local checkArg="$1"; shift
local arg
for arg; do
case "$arg" in
"$checkArg"|"$checkArg"=*)
return 0
;;
esac
done
return 1
}
# _mongod_hack_get_arg_val '--some-arg' "$@"
_mongod_hack_get_arg_val() {
local checkArg="$1"; shift
while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do
local arg="$1"; shift
case "$arg" in
"$checkArg")
echo "$1"
return 0
;;
"$checkArg"=*)
echo "${arg#$checkArg=}"
return 0
;;
esac
done
return 1
}
declare -a mongodHackedArgs
# _mongod_hack_ensure_arg '--some-arg' "$@"
# set -- "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg() {
local ensureArg="$1"; shift
mongodHackedArgs=( "$@" )
if ! _mongod_hack_have_arg "$ensureArg" "$@"; then
mongodHackedArgs+=( "$ensureArg" )
fi
}
# _mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg '--some-unwanted-arg' "$@"
# set -- "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
_mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg() {
local ensureNoArg="$1"; shift
mongodHackedArgs=()
while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do
local arg="$1"; shift
if [ "$arg" = "$ensureNoArg" ]; then
continue
fi
mongodHackedArgs+=( "$arg" )
done
}
# _mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg '--some-unwanted-arg' "$@"
# set -- "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
_mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg_val() {
local ensureNoArg="$1"; shift
mongodHackedArgs=()
while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do
local arg="$1"; shift
case "$arg" in
"$ensureNoArg")
shift # also skip the value
continue
;;
"$ensureNoArg"=*)
# value is already included
continue
;;
esac
mongodHackedArgs+=( "$arg" )
done
}
# _mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val '--some-arg' 'some-val' "$@"
# set -- "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val() {
local ensureArg="$1"; shift
local ensureVal="$1"; shift
_mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg_val "$ensureArg" "$@"
mongodHackedArgs+=( "$ensureArg" "$ensureVal" )
}
# _js_escape 'some "string" value'
_js_escape() {
jq --null-input --arg 'str' "$1" '$str'
}
jsonConfigFile="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/docker-entrypoint-config.json"
tempConfigFile="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/docker-entrypoint-temp-config.json"
_parse_config() {
if [ -s "$tempConfigFile" ]; then
return 0
fi
local configPath
if configPath="$(_mongod_hack_get_arg_val --config "$@")"; then
# if --config is specified, parse it into a JSON file so we can remove a few problematic keys (especially SSL-related keys)
# see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/configuration-options/
mongo --norc --nodb --quiet --eval "load('/js-yaml.js'); printjson(jsyaml.load(cat($(_js_escape "$configPath"))))" > "$jsonConfigFile"
jq 'del(.systemLog, .processManagement, .net, .security)' "$jsonConfigFile" > "$tempConfigFile"
return 0
fi
return 1
}
dbPath=
_dbPath() {
if [ -n "$dbPath" ]; then
echo "$dbPath"
return
fi
if ! dbPath="$(_mongod_hack_get_arg_val --dbpath "$@")"; then
if _parse_config "$@"; then
dbPath="$(jq '.storage.dbPath' "$jsonConfigFile")"
fi
fi
: "${dbPath:=/data/db}"
echo "$dbPath"
}
if [ "$originalArgOne" = 'mongod' ]; then
file_env 'MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME'
file_env 'MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD'
# pre-check a few factors to see if it's even worth bothering with initdb
shouldPerformInitdb=
if [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME" ] && [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
# if we have a username/password, let's set "--auth"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg '--auth' "$@"
set -- "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
shouldPerformInitdb='true'
elif [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME" ] || [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
cat >&2 <<-'EOF'
error: missing 'MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME' or 'MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD'
both must be specified for a user to be created
EOF
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$shouldPerformInitdb" ]; then
# if we've got any /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/* files to parse later, we should initdb
for f in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*; do
case "$f" in
*.sh|*.js) # this should match the set of files we check for below
shouldPerformInitdb="$f"
break
;;
esac
done
fi
# check for a few known paths (to determine whether we've already initialized and should thus skip our initdb scripts)
if [ -n "$shouldPerformInitdb" ]; then
dbPath="$(_dbPath "$@")"
for path in \
"$dbPath/WiredTiger" \
"$dbPath/journal" \
"$dbPath/local.0" \
"$dbPath/storage.bson" \
; do
if [ -e "$path" ]; then
shouldPerformInitdb=
break
fi
done
fi
if [ -n "$shouldPerformInitdb" ]; then
mongodHackedArgs=( "$@" )
if _parse_config "$@"; then
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --config "$tempConfigFile" "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
fi
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --bind_ip 127.0.0.1 "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --port 27017 "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
_mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg --bind_ip_all "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
# remove "--auth" and "--replSet" for our initial startup (see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/enable-authentication/#start-mongodb-without-access-control)
# https://github.com/docker-library/mongo/issues/211
_mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg --auth "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
if [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME" ] && [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
_mongod_hack_ensure_no_arg_val --replSet "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
fi
sslMode="$(_mongod_hack_have_arg '--sslPEMKeyFile' "$@" && echo 'allowSSL' || echo 'disabled')" # "BadValue: need sslPEMKeyFile when SSL is enabled" vs "BadValue: need to enable SSL via the sslMode flag when using SSL configuration parameters"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --sslMode "$sslMode" "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
if stat "/proc/$$/fd/1" > /dev/null && [ -w "/proc/$$/fd/1" ]; then
# https://github.com/mongodb/mongo/blob/38c0eb538d0fd390c6cb9ce9ae9894153f6e8ef5/src/mongo/db/initialize_server_global_state.cpp#L237-L251
# https://github.com/docker-library/mongo/issues/164#issuecomment-293965668
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --logpath "/proc/$$/fd/1" "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
else
initdbLogPath="$(_dbPath "$@")/docker-initdb.log"
echo >&2 "warning: initdb logs cannot write to '/proc/$$/fd/1', so they are in '$initdbLogPath' instead"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --logpath "$initdbLogPath" "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
fi
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg --logappend "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
pidfile="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/docker-entrypoint-temp-mongod.pid"
rm -f "$pidfile"
_mongod_hack_ensure_arg_val --pidfilepath "$pidfile" "${mongodHackedArgs[@]}"
"${mongodHackedArgs[@]}" --fork
mongo=( mongo --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 --quiet )
# check to see that our "mongod" actually did start up (catches "--help", "--version", MongoDB 3.2 being silly, slow prealloc, etc)
# https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-16292
tries=30
while true; do
if ! { [ -s "$pidfile" ] && ps "$(< "$pidfile")" &> /dev/null; }; then
# bail ASAP if "mongod" isn't even running
echo >&2
echo >&2 "error: $originalArgOne does not appear to have stayed running -- perhaps it had an error?"
echo >&2
exit 1
fi
if "${mongo[@]}" 'admin' --eval 'quit(0)' &> /dev/null; then
# success!
break
fi
(( tries-- ))
if [ "$tries" -le 0 ]; then
echo >&2
echo >&2 "error: $originalArgOne does not appear to have accepted connections quickly enough -- perhaps it had an error?"
echo >&2
exit 1
fi
sleep 1
done
if [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME" ] && [ "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
rootAuthDatabase='admin'
"${mongo[@]}" "$rootAuthDatabase" <<-EOJS
db.createUser({
user: $(_js_escape "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME"),
pwd: $(_js_escape "$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD"),
roles: [ { role: 'root', db: $(_js_escape "$rootAuthDatabase") } ]
})
EOJS
fi
export MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE="${MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE:-test}"
echo
for f in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*; do
case "$f" in
*.sh) echo "$0: running $f"; . "$f" ;;
*.js) echo "$0: running $f"; "${mongo[@]}" "$MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE" "$f"; echo ;;
*) echo "$0: ignoring $f" ;;
esac
echo
done
"$@" --pidfilepath="$pidfile" --shutdown
rm -f "$pidfile"
echo
echo 'MongoDB init process complete; ready for start up.'
echo
fi
# MongoDB 3.6+ defaults to localhost-only binding
haveBindIp=
if _mongod_hack_have_arg --bind_ip "$@" || _mongod_hack_have_arg --bind_ip_all "$@"; then
haveBindIp=1
elif _parse_config "$@" && jq --exit-status '.net.bindIp // .net.bindIpAll' "$jsonConfigFile" > /dev/null; then
haveBindIp=1
fi
if [ -z "$haveBindIp" ]; then
# so if no "--bind_ip" is specified, let's add "--bind_ip_all"
set -- "$@" --bind_ip_all
fi
unset "${!MONGO_INITDB_@}"
fi
rm -f "$jsonConfigFile" "$tempConfigFile"
exec "$@"
3、 在mongo目录下创建Dockerfile；
[root@ddkk.com mongo]# vi Dockerfile
然后输入以下内容
FROM debian:jessie-slim
# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mongodb && useradd -r -g mongodb mongodb
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
ca-certificates \
jq \
numactl \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# grab gosu for easy step-down from root (https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases)
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.10
# grab "js-yaml" for parsing mongod's YAML config files (https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases)
ENV JSYAML_VERSION 3.10.0
RUN set -ex; \
\
apt-get update; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
wget \
; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
\
dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture | awk -F- '{ print $NF }')"; \
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch"; \
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch.asc"; \
export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4; \
gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc; \
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
gosu nobody true; \
\
wget -O /js-yaml.js "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/raw/${JSYAML_VERSION}/dist/js-yaml.js"; \
# TODO some sort of download verification here
\
apt-get purge -y --auto-remove wget
RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
ENV GPG_KEYS \
# pub rsa4096 2017-11-15 [SC] [expires: 2019-11-15]
# BD8C 80D9 C729 D005 24E0 68E0 3DAB 7171 3396 F72B
# uid [ unknown] MongoDB 3.8 Release Signing Key <packaging@mongodb.com>
BD8C80D9C729D00524E068E03DAB71713396F72B
# https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/verify-mongodb-packages/#download-then-import-the-key-file
RUN set -ex; \
export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
for key in $GPG_KEYS; do \
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
done; \
gpg --export $GPG_KEYS > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mongodb.gpg; \
rm -r "$GNUPGHOME"; \
apt-key list
# Allow build-time overrides (eg. to build image with MongoDB Enterprise version)
# Options for MONGO_PACKAGE: mongodb-org OR mongodb-enterprise
# Options for MONGO_REPO: repo.mongodb.org OR repo.mongodb.com
# Example: docker build --build-arg MONGO_PACKAGE=mongodb-enterprise --build-arg MONGO_REPO=repo.mongodb.com .
ARG MONGO_PACKAGE=mongodb-org-unstable
ARG MONGO_REPO=repo.mongodb.org
ENV MONGO_PACKAGE=${MONGO_PACKAGE} MONGO_REPO=${MONGO_REPO}
ENV MONGO_MAJOR 3.7
ENV MONGO_VERSION 3.7.9
RUN echo "deb http://$MONGO_REPO/apt/debian jessie/${MONGO_PACKAGE%-unstable}/$MONGO_MAJOR main" | tee "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/${MONGO_PACKAGE%-unstable}.list"
RUN set -x \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y \
${MONGO_PACKAGE}=$MONGO_VERSION \
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-server=$MONGO_VERSION \
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-shell=$MONGO_VERSION \
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-mongos=$MONGO_VERSION \
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-tools=$MONGO_VERSION \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/mongodb \
&& mv /etc/mongod.conf /etc/mongod.conf.orig
RUN mkdir -p /data/db /data/configdb \
&& chown -R mongodb:mongodb /data/db /data/configdb
VOLUME /data/db /data/configdb
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
EXPOSE 27017
CMD ["mongod"]
这些内容，基本都是官方给的 [Dockerfile][]
4、 通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像ms-mongodb，你可以替换成你自己的名字；
[root@ddkk.com mongo]# docker build -t ms-mongo:3.7 .
5、 稍等片刻，创建完成后，可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像；
[root@ddkk.com mongo]# docker images mongo:3.7
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ms-mongo 3.7 f0f3e4beccef 11 days ago 323 MB
> 这次自己编译的竟然比官方镜像小....
GitHub 下载加速
从GitHub 下载文件非常慢，因为下载链接指向了 Amazon 的服务器
下载地址是 http://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com/，从国内访问 Amazon 非常慢，所以总是下载失败，解决方法时更改 hosts 文件，使该域名指向香港的服务器219.76.4.4 github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
运行 ms-mongo:3.7 容器
可以使用下面的命令运行我们刚刚创建的 ms-mongo:3.7 镜像
[root@ddkk.com mongo]# docker run -d -p 27017:27017 -v $PWD/db:/data/db ms-mongo:3.7
dbe5d334e0063332633fe78fcc031c26851cbb1c5d589d50414e7bd37471671d
参数说明:
1、 -p27017:27017；
将容器的 27017 端口映射到主机的 27017 端口
2、 -v $ PWD/db:/data/db；
将主机中当前目录下的 db 挂载到容器的 /data/db，作为 mongo 数据存储目录
查看容器启动情况
[root@ddkk.com mongo]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ...
dbe5d334e006 ms-mongo:3.7 "docker-entrypoint.sh" ...
查看容器的 IP
可以使用命令 docker inspect 查看容器的 IP
docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container_id>
例如可以使用下面的命令查看刚刚创建的容器的 IP
[root@ddkk.com mongo] docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' dbe5d334e006
172、17.0.2
连接到 mongo 镜像
可以使用 mongo 镜像执行 mongo 命令连接到刚启动的容器, 主机 IP 为 172.17.0.2
[root@ddkk.com mongo]# docker run -it ms-mongo:3.7 mongo --host 172.17.0.2
MongoDB shell version v3.6.5
connecting to: mongodb://172.17.0.2:27017/
MongoDB server version: 3.6.5
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
2018-05-18T14:01:20.078+0000 I STORAGE [main] In File::open(), ::open for '/home/mongodb/.mongorc.js' failed with No such file or directory
Server has startup warnings:
2018-05-18T13:59:12.821+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2018-05-18T13:59:12.821+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-05-18T13:59:12.821+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-05-18T13:59:12.821+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]