一、difflib模块
1. 什么是difflib? 用来做什么?
difflib为python的标准库模块,无需安装。
作用是对比文本之间的差异。
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档,与Linux下的diff命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。
2. 符号理解
符号含义
‘-’包含在第一个系列行中,但不包含第二个。
‘+’包含在第二个系列行中,但不包含第一个。
’’两个系列行一致
‘?’存在增量差异
‘^’存在差异字符
二、使用difflib模块对比文本
对比两个文本的不同并输出为.html
文件
import difflib
text1 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True) #keepends=True 表示保留换行符
text2 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)
# d = difflib.Differ()
# print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
# print(htmlContent)
with open('diff.html','w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)
打开上述代码运行输出的.html
文件后:
三、使用difflib模块对比文件
对比两个文件的不同并输出为.html
文件
import difflib
filename1 = '1.txt'
filename2 = '2.txt'
with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlcontent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('txtDiff.html','w') as f:
f.write(htmlcontent)
输出结果为名为txtDiff.html
的文件,用浏览器打开该文件后: