25、Python 教程 - difflib模块之文本对比

一、difflib模块

1. 什么是difflib? 用来做什么?

difflib为python的标准库模块,无需安装。
作用是对比文本之间的差异。
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档,与Linux下的diff命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。

2. 符号理解
符号含义
‘-’包含在第一个系列行中,但不包含第二个。
‘+’包含在第二个系列行中,但不包含第一个。
’’两个系列行一致
‘?’存在增量差异
‘^’存在差异字符

二、使用difflib模块对比文本

对比两个文本的不同并输出为.html文件

import difflib
text1 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       2. Explicit is better than implicit.
       3. Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complex is better than complicated.
		'''.splitlines(keepends=True)				#keepends=True 表示保留换行符
text2 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       3.   Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complicated is better than complex.
       5. Flat is better than nested.
     '''.splitlines(keepends=True)

# d = difflib.Differ()
# print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
# print(htmlContent)
with open('diff.html','w') as f:
    f.write(htmlContent)

打开上述代码运行输出的.html文件后:
 

三、使用difflib模块对比文件

对比两个文件的不同并输出为.html文件

import difflib
filename1 = '1.txt'
filename2 = '2.txt'

with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
    content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
    content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlcontent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('txtDiff.html','w') as f:
    f.write(htmlcontent)

输出结果为名为txtDiff.html的文件,用浏览器打开该文件后: