24、Netty 基础 之 Protobuf2、

一、Protobuf入门案例2

完善程序,使Protobuf完成如下功能

1、 客户端可以随机发送StudentPOJO/WorkerPOJO对象到服务器(通过Protobuf编码);
2、 服务端能接收StudentPOJO/WorkerPOJO对象(需要判断是哪种类型),并显示信息(通过Protobuf编码);
3、 代码;

二、修改代码

1、 建立Student.proto文件;

syntax = "proto3";

option optimize_for = SPEED; //加快解析
option java_package = "netty.protobuf2"; //指定生成到哪个包下
option java_outer_classname = "MyDataInfo"; //外部类名称

//protobuf可以使用message管理其他的message
message MyMessage {
	//定义一个枚举类型
	enum DataType {
		StudentType = 0; //在proto3,要求enum的编号从0开始
		WorkerType = 1; //
	}

	//用data_type来标识传的是哪一个枚举类型
	//这个data_type=1的1 是MyMessage的属性编号!
	DataType data_type = 1;

	//表示每次提交的枚举类型最多只能出现其中的一个,节省空间
	oneof dataBody {
		Student student = 2;
		Worker worker = 3;
	}

	//enum是定义枚举,data_type是使用枚举组为一个属性,oneof是再定义一个属性,但只能是其中一个message对象类型

}

message Student {
	int32 id = 1; //Student类的属性
	string name = 2;

}

message Worker {
	string name = 1;
	int32 age = 2;

}

2、 转换后MyDataInfo.java;

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: Student.proto

package netty.protobuf2;

public final class MyDataInfo {
  private MyDataInfo() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
  }

  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
    registerAllExtensions(
        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
  }
  public interface MyMessageOrBuilder extends
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:MyMessage)
      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    /**
     * <pre>
     *用data_type来标识传的是哪一个枚举类型
     *这个data_type=1的1 是MyMessage的属性编号!
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>.MyMessage.DataType data_type = 1;</code>
     * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for dataType.
     */
    int getDataTypeValue();
    /**
     * <pre>
     *用data_type来标识传的是哪一个枚举类型
     *这个data_type=1的1 是MyMessage的属性编号!
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>.MyMessage.DataType data_type = 1;</code>
     * @return The dataType.
     */
    netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType getDataType();

    /**
     * <code>.Student student = 2;</code>
     * @return Whether the student field is set.
     */
    boolean hasStudent();
    /**
     * <code>.Student student = 2;</code>
     * @return The student.
     */
    netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Student getStudent();
    /**
     * <code>.Student student = 2;</code>
     */
    netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.StudentOrBuilder getStudentOrBuilder();

    /**
     * <code>.Worker worker = 3;</code>
     * @return Whether the worker field is set.
     */
    boolean hasWorker();
    /**
     * <code>.Worker worker = 3;</code>
     * @return The worker.
     */
    netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Worker getWorker();
    /**
     * <code>.Worker worker = 3;</code>
     */
    netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.WorkerOrBuilder getWorkerOrBuilder();

    public netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataBodyCase getDataBodyCase();
  }
  /**
   * <pre>
   *protobuf可以使用message管理其他的message
   * </pre>
   *
   * Protobuf type {@code MyMessage}
   */
  public static final class MyMessage extends
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    protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
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     * <pre>
     *定义一个枚举类型
     * </pre>
     *
     * Protobuf enum {@code MyMessage.DataType}
     */
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      /**
       * <pre>
       *在proto3,要求enum的编号从0开始
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>StudentType = 0;</code>
       */
      StudentType(0),
      /**
       * <pre>
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>WorkerType = 1;</code>
       */
      WorkerType(1),
      UNRECOGNIZED(-1),
      ;

      /**
       * <pre>
       *在proto3,要求enum的编号从0开始
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>StudentType = 0;</code>
       */
      public static final int StudentType_VALUE = 0;
      /**
       * <pre>
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>WorkerType = 1;</code>
       */
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          throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(
              "Can't get the number of an unknown enum value.");
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       * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
       * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
       * @deprecated Use {@linkforNumber(int)} instead.
       */
      @java.lang.Deprecated
      public static DataType valueOf(int value) {
        return forNumber(value);
      }

      /**
       * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
       * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
       */
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          case 1: return WorkerType;
          default: return null;
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      private final int value;

      private DataType(int value) {
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      }

      // @@protoc_insertion_point(enum_scope:MyMessage.DataType)
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    private int dataBodyCase_ = 0;
    private java.lang.Object dataBody_;
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      /**
       * @param value The number of the enum to look for.
       * @return The enum associated with the given number.
       * @deprecated Use {@linkforNumber(int)} instead.
       */
      @java.lang.Deprecated
      public static DataBodyCase valueOf(int value) {
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          case 3: return WORKER;
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          default: return null;
        }
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      }
    };

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          dataBodyCase_);
    }

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    private int dataType_ = 0;
    /**
     * <pre>
     *用data_type来标识传的是哪一个枚举类型
     *这个data_type=1的1 是MyMessage的属性编号!
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>.MyMessage.DataType data_type = 1;</code>
     * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for dataType.
     */
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    /**
     * <pre>
     *用data_type来标识传的是哪一个枚举类型
     *这个data_type=1的1 是MyMessage的属性编号!
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>.MyMessage.DataType data_type = 1;</code>
     * @return The dataType.
     */
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      return result == null ? netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType.UNRECOGNIZED : result;
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    public static final int STUDENT_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
    /**
     * <code>.Student student = 2;</code>
     * @return Whether the student field is set.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public boolean hasStudent() {
      return dataBodyCase_ == 2;
    }
    /**
     * <code>.Student student = 2;</code>
     * @return The student.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Student getStudent() {
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         return (netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Student) dataBody_;
      }
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    /**
     * <code>.Student student = 2;</code>
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.StudentOrBuilder getStudentOrBuilder() {
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    public static final int WORKER_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
    /**
     * <code>.Worker worker = 3;</code>
     * @return Whether the worker field is set.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public boolean hasWorker() {
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     * <code>.Worker worker = 3;</code>
     * @return The worker.
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              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (java.lang.String) ref);
          name_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 1;</code>
       * @param value The name to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setName(
          java.lang.String value) {
        if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
        name_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 1;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearName() {
        name_ = getDefaultInstance().getName();
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 1;</code>
       * @param value The bytes for name to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setNameBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
        checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
        name_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private int age_ ;
      /**
       * <code>int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @return The age.
       */
      @java.lang.Override
      public int getAge() {
        return age_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @param value The age to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setAge(int value) {
        
        age_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>int32 age = 2;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearAge() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        age_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:Worker)
    }

    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:Worker)
    private static final netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Worker DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    static {
      DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Worker();
    }

    public static netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Worker getDefaultInstance() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

    private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Worker>
        PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Worker>() {
      @java.lang.Override
      public Worker parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        Builder builder = newBuilder();
        try {
          builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
          throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
        } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
          throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
          throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e)
              .setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
        }
        return builder.buildPartial();
      }
    };

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<Worker> parser() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Worker> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public netty.protobuf2.MyDataInfo.Worker getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

  }

  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_MyMessage_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_MyMessage_fieldAccessorTable;
  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_Student_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_Student_fieldAccessorTable;
  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_Worker_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_Worker_fieldAccessorTable;

  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }
  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      descriptor;
  static {
    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
      "\n\rStudent.proto\"\244\001\n\tMyMessage\022&\n\tdata_ty" +
      "pe\030\001 \001(\0162\023.MyMessage.DataType\022\033\n\007student" +
      "\030\002 \001(\0132\010.StudentH\000\022\031\n\006worker\030\003 \001(\0132\007.Wor" +
      "kerH\000\"+\n\010DataType\022\017\n\013StudentType\020\000\022\016\n\nWo" +
      "rkerType\020\001B\n\n\010dataBody\"#\n\007Student\022\n\n\002id\030" +
      "\001 \001(\005\022\014\n\004name\030\002 \001(\t\"#\n\006Worker\022\014\n\004name\030\001 " +
      "\001(\t\022\013\n\003age\030\002 \001(\005B\037\n\017netty.protobuf2B\nMyD" +
      "ataInfoH\001b\006proto3"
    };
    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
        });
    internal_static_MyMessage_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_MyMessage_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_MyMessage_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "DataType", "Student", "Worker", "DataBody", });
    internal_static_Student_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(1);
    internal_static_Student_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_Student_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "Id", "Name", });
    internal_static_Worker_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(2);
    internal_static_Worker_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_Worker_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "Name", "Age", });
  }

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}

3、 NettyServer.java;

package netty.protobuf2;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;

public class NettyServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		//创建BossGroup和WorkerGroup
		//说明
		//1. 创建两个线程组bossGroup和workerGroup
		//2. bossGroup它只是处理连接请求,真正的与客户端业务处理会交给workerGroup去完成
		//3. 两个都是无限循环
		EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(8);
		
		try {
			//创建服务器端的启动对象,配置启动参数
			ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
			
			//使用链式编程来进行设置
			bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) //设置两个线程组
				.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //使用NioServerSocketChannel作为服务器的通道实现
				.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { //创建一个通道初始化对象
					//给pipeline设置处理器
					@Override
					protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
						
						ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
						//在pipeline加入ProtobufDecoder
						//指定对哪种对象进行解码
						pipeline.addLast("decoder", new ProtobufDecoder(MyDataInfo.MyMessage.getDefaultInstance()));
						//向管道的最后增加一个处理器
						pipeline.addLast(new NettyChannelHandler());
						
					};
				}); //给我们的workerGroup的EventLoop对应的管道设置处理器
			
			//bossGroup参数
			bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024); //设置线程队列等待连接的个数
			
			//workerGroup参数
			bootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); //设置保持活动连接状态
			
			System.out.println("...服务器 is ready...");
			
			//绑定一个端口并且同步,生成了一个ChannelFuture对象
			//启动服务器并绑定端口
			ChannelFuture cf = bootstrap.bind(6668).sync();
			
			//对关闭通道进行监听
			cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			System.out.println("Shutdown Netty Server...");
			//优雅的关闭
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			System.out.println("Shutdown Netty Server Success!");
		}
		
	}
}

4、 NettyChannelHandler.java;

package netty.protobuf2;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

/**
 * 说明
 * 1. 我们自定义一个Handler,需要继承netty规定好的某个HandlerAdapter(规范)
 * 2. 这时我们自定义一个Handler,才能称之为Handler
 * 
 */
public class NettyChannelHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

	//读取数据的事件(这里我们可以读取客户端发送的消息)
	/*
	 * 1. ChannelHandlerContext ctx:上下文对象,含有管道pipeline,通道channel,地址
	 * 2. Object msg:就是客户端发送的数据,默认是Object
	 * 3. 通道读写数据,管道处理数据
	 */
	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		
		MyDataInfo.MyMessage message = (MyDataInfo.MyMessage)msg;
		
		//根据dataType来显示不同的信息
		MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType dataType = message.getDataType();
		if (dataType == MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType.StudentType) {
			
			MyDataInfo.Student student = message.getStudent();
			System.out.println("客户端发送的student id=" + student.getId() + " name=" + student.getName());
			
		} else if (dataType == MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType.WorkerType) {
			
			MyDataInfo.Worker worker = message.getWorker();
			System.out.println("客户端发送的worker age=" + worker.getAge() + " name=" + worker.getName());
			
		} else {
			System.out.println("传输的类型不正确!");
		}
		
		
		
	}
	
	//数据读取完毕
	//这个方法会在channelRead读完后触发
	@Override
	public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		//把数据写到缓冲区,并且刷新缓冲区,是write + flush
		//一般来讲,我们对这个发送的数据进行编码
		ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,客户端~", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
		
	}
	
	//处理异常,一般是需要关闭通道
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		ctx.channel().close();
	}
}

5、 NettyClient.java;

package netty.protobuf2;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;

public class NettyClient {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		//客户端需要一个事件循环组
		EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		
		try {
			//创建客户端的启动对象
			//注意客户端使用的是Bootstrap
			Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
			
			//设置相关参数
			bootstrap.group(group) //设置线程组
				.channel(NioSocketChannel.class) //设置客户端通道的实现类
				.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
					
					@Override
					protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
						ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
						//在pipeline中加入ProtobufEncoder
						pipeline.addLast("encoder", new ProtobufEncoder());
						//加入自己的处理器
						pipeline.addLast(new NettyClientHandler());
					}
					
				});
				
			System.out.println("...客户端 is ready...");
			
			//启动客户端去连接服务器端
			//ChannelFuture涉及到netty的异步模型
			ChannelFuture cf = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 6668).sync();
			
			//对关闭通道进行监听
			cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			//优雅的关闭
			group.shutdownGracefully();
		}
		
	}
}

6、 NettyClientHandler.java;

package netty.protobuf2;

import java.util.Random;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

	//当通道就绪时,就会触发该方法
	@Override
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		//随机的发送Student或者Worker对象
		int i = new Random().nextInt(3);
		MyDataInfo.MyMessage myMessage = null;
		if (0 == i) {
			myMessage = MyDataInfo.MyMessage.newBuilder().setDataType(MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType.StudentType)
				.setStudent(
					MyDataInfo.Student.newBuilder().setId(10).setName("张三").build()
				).build();
			
		} else {
			//发送一个Worker对象
			myMessage = MyDataInfo.MyMessage.newBuilder().setDataType(MyDataInfo.MyMessage.DataType.WorkerType)
					.setWorker(
						MyDataInfo.Worker.newBuilder().setAge(20).setName("李四").build()
					).build();
		}
		
		ctx.writeAndFlush(myMessage);
	}
	
	//当通道有读取事件时会触发
	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
		System.out.println("服务器回复的消息:" + buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
		System.out.println("服务器的地址:" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
	}
	
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		ctx.close();
	}
}

三、执行

1、 服务端日志;

客户端发送的student id=10 name=张三
客户端发送的worker age=20 name=李四
客户端发送的worker age=20 name=李四