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20、Nginx 实战：HTTPS实现LNMP全站访问

分类：服务器框架 标签：Nginx，命令，源码解析，教程，实战，笔记，源码，解析

一、需求

1、恢复快照

2、搭建博客和phpmyadmin

3、数据库单独部署

4、配置7层负载均衡

5、多台WEB服务器（2台）文件共享

6、给项目配置全站HTTPS

二、环境准备

服务器 外网IP 内网IP 身份
lb01 10.0.0.4 172.16.1.4 负载均衡服务器
web01 172.16.1.7 Web服务器
web02 172.16.1.8 Web服务器
db01 172.16.1.51 数据库服务器
nfs 172.16.1.31 文件共享服务器

三、web01服务器配置

1.关闭防火墙
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

2.关闭selinux
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

3.配置官方源
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

4.安装依赖
[root@web01 ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake wget httpd-tools vim tree

5.安装nginx
[root@web01 ~]# yum -y install nginx

6.配置nginx文件
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
 user  www;
 client_max_body_size 200m;
 
 7.创建统一用户
 [root@web01 ~]# groupadd www -g 666
 [root@web01 ~]# useradd  www -u 666 -g 666

8.检查服务并启动服务、设置开机自启
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl  start nginx
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl  enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

9.配置nginx站点文件
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/linux.wordpress.com.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name linux.wordpress.com;
    charset utf-8;

location / {
    root /code/wordpress;
    index index.php;
}

location ~* \.php$ {
   root /code/wordpress;
   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
   fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   include fastcgi_params;
 }
}

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/linux.php.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name linux.php.com;
    charset utf-8;
    root /code/php；

location / {
    index index.php;
}

location ~* \.php$ {
   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
   fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   include fastcgi_params;
 }
}

10.检查服务并重启
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl  restart nginx

11.创建站点目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /code

12.上传源码包并解压到指定目录
[root@web01 ~]# ll
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 11060845 Sep  1 15:39 phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.zip
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 11098483 Aug 26 10:49 wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz

[root@web01 ~]# tar  xf wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz -C /code/
[root@web01 ~]# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.zip  -d /code/

13.配置代码
[root@web01 /code]# cp php/config.sample.inc.php php/config.inc.php
[root@web01 /code]# vim php/config.inc.php
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '172.16.1.51';

14.授权目录
[root@web01 ~]# chown  -R www:www  /code/
[root@web01 /code]# chown -R www.www /var/lib/php/session

四、web02服务器配置

1.关闭防火墙
[root@web02 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

2.关闭selinux
[root@web02 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

3.配置官方源
[root@web02 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

4.安装依赖
[root@web02 ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake wget httpd-tools vim tree

5.安装nginx
[root@web02 ~]# yum -y install nginx

6.配置nginx
[root@web02 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
user  www;
client_max_body_size 200m;

7.创建统一用户
[root@web02 ~]# groupadd www -g 666
[root@web02 ~]# useradd  www -u 666 -g 666

8.启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@web02 ~]# systemctl  start nginx
[root@web02 ~]# systemctl  enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.servi

9.配置nginx站点文件
[root@web01 /code]# scp /etc/nginx/conf.d/* 172.16.1.8:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
root@172.16.1.8's password: 
linux.php.com.conf                                                                     100%  286   124.7KB/s   00:00    
linux.wordpress.com.conf                                                               100%  323   228.3KB/s   00:00   

10.检查服务并重启
[root@web02 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 ~]# systemctl  restart nginx
11.创建目录
[root@web02 ~]# mkdir /code

12.上传源码包并解压
[root@web01 /code]# scp /root/wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz  172.16.1.8:/code
root@172.16.1.8's password: 
wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz                                                           100%   11MB  21.8MB/s   00:00    
[root@web01 /code]# scp /root/phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.zip   172.16.1.8:/code
root@172.16.1.8's password: 
phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.zip                                                   100%   11MB  25.6MB/s   00:00    
[root@web02 ~]# cd /code/
[root@web02 /code]# tar  xf wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz 
[root@web02 /code]# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.zip 

13.配置代码
[root@web02 /code]# cp php/config.sample.inc.php php/config.inc.php
[root@web02 /code]# vim php/config.inc.php
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '172.16.1.51';

14.授权目录
[root@web02 ~]# chown  -R www:www  /code/
[root@web02 /code]# chown -R www.www /var/lib/php/session

五、web01安装PHP

1.创建目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /package
[root@web01 ~]# cd /package/

2.上传源码包并解压
[root@web01 /package]# rz
[root@web01 /package]# ll
total 19424
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19889622 Aug 26 09:04 php.tar.gz
[root@web01 /package]# tar xf php.tar.gz 

3.安装PHP
[root@web01 /package]# yum -y localinstall  *.rpm

5.配置PHP
[root@web01 /package]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 
user = www
group = www

[root@web01 /package]# vim /etc/php.ini 
post_max_size = 200M
upload_max_filesize = 200M

6.启动PHP并设置开机自启
[root@web01 /package]# systemctl  restart php-fpm.service 
[root@web01 /package]# systemctl  enable php-fpm.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

六、web02安装PHP

1.创建目录
[root@web02 /code]# mkdir /package
[root@web02 /code]# cd /package/

2.上传源码包并解压
[root@web02 /package]# rz
[root@web02 /package]# ll
total 19424
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19889622 Aug 26 09:04 php.tar.gz
[root@web02 /package]# tar xf php.tar.gz 

3.安装PHP
[root@web02 /package]# yum -y localinstall  *.rpm

5.配置PHP
[root@web02 /package]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 
user = www
group = www

[root@web02 /package]# vim /etc/php.ini 
post_max_size = 200M
upload_max_filesize = 200M

6.启动PHP并设置开机自启
[root@web02 /package]# systemctl  start php-fpm.service 
[root@web02 /package]# systemctl  enable php-fpm.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

七、db01安装数据库

1.安装数据库
[root@db01 ~]# yum -y install  mariadb-server

2.启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl  start mariadb.service 
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl  enable mariadb.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

3.设置服务器密码并验证密码
[root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin  -uroot password 
New password: 
Confirm new password: 
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> 

4.进行数据库授权
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordpress.* to wp@'172.16.1.%' identified by 'wp123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to admin@'172.16.1.%' identified by 'admin123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

八、nfs服务器实现文件共享

1.安装nfs
[root@nfs ~]# yum -y install  rpcbind nfs-utils

2.启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl start  rpcbind  nfs
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl enable  rpcbind  nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

3.创建用户
[root@nfs ~]# groupadd  www -g 666
[root@nfs ~]# useradd www -u 666 -g 666

4.创建目录并授权
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir -p /data/wp
[root@nfs ~]# chown  -R www:www  /data/wp/

5.配置nfs
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/exports
/data/wp        172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

6.重启并检查配置
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl  restart rpcbind nfs
[root@nfs ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab 
/data/wp	172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,no_pnfs,anonuid=666,anongid=666,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,all_squash)

九、web01、web02实现nfs挂载

1.web01服务器配置

1.安装nfs
[root@web01 /code]# yum -y install  rpcbind nfs-utils

2.启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@web01 /code]# systemctl start rpcbind nfs
[root@web01 /code]# systemctl enable rpcbind nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

3.查看挂载点
[root@web01 /code]# showmount  -e 172.16.1.31
Export list for 172.16.1.31:
/data/wp 172.16.1.0/24

4.挂载目录并查看挂载
[root@web01 /code]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/wp /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web01 /code]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3              98G  1.9G   96G   2% /
devtmpfs              980M     0  980M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 991M  9.6M  981M   1% /run
tmpfs                 991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             497M  120M  378M  25% /boot
tmpfs                 199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
172.16.1.31:/data/wp   98G  1.7G   96G   2% /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads

2.web02服务器配置

1.安装nfs
[root@web02 /package]# yum -y install  rpcbind nfs-utils

2.启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@web02 /package]# systemctl start rpcbind nfs
[root@web02 /package]# systemctl enable rpcbind nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

3.查看挂载点
[root@web02 /package]# showmount  -e 172.16.1.31
Export list for 172.16.1.31:
/data/wp 172.16.1.0/24

4.挂载目录并查看挂载
[root@web02 /package]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/wp /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web02 /package]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3              98G  1.9G   96G   2% /
devtmpfs              980M     0  980M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 991M  9.6M  981M   1% /run
tmpfs                 991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             497M  120M  378M  25% /boot
tmpfs                 199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
172.16.1.31:/data/wp   98G  1.7G   96G   2% /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads

十、lb01服务器配置

1.配置官方源
[root@lb01 ~]# scp 172.16.1.7:/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
The authenticity of host '172.16.1.7 (172.16.1.7)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:g6buQ4QMSFl+5MMAh8dTCmLtkIfdT8sgRFYc6uCzV3c.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:5f:d7:ad:07:e8:fe:d2:49:ec:79:2f:d4:91:59:c5:03.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.7' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.16.1.7's password: 
nginx.repo                                                                             100%  183   137.6KB/s   00:00    

2.安装依赖
[root@lb01 ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake wget httpd-tools vim tree

3.安装nginx
[root@lb01 ~]# yum -y install  nginx

3.配置nginx
[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
user  www;

4.创建用户
[root@lb01 ~]# groupadd www -g 666
[root@lb01 ~]# useradd www -u666 -g 666

5.生成https证书
[root@lb01 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl_key
[root@lb01 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ssl_key/
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/ssl_key]# openssl genrsa -idea -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...............................................+++
.............+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/ssl_key]# openssl req -days 36500 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.........................+++
.......................................................................................................+++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:mei
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:guo
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:shan
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:kou
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:kenan
Email Address []:kenan

6.配置站点文件
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/ssl_key]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/linux.wordpress.com.conf 
upstream wordpress {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name linux.wordpress.com;
    rewrite (.*) https://linux.wordpress.com$1;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name linux.wordpress.com;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.key;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://wordpress;
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy_params;
    }
}

[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# vim linux.php.com.conf
upstream php {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name linux.php.com;
    rewrite (.*) https://linux.php.com$1;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name linux.php.com;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.key;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://php;
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy_params;
    }
}

7.重启服务并设置开机自启
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/ssl_key]# systemctl  start nginx
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/ssl_key]# systemctl  enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

十一、阿里云配置HTTPS

1.购买云主机
2.购买负载均衡
3.配置负载均衡端口转发
4.通过端口转发连接并配置web机器
5.配置负载均衡
6.访问负载均衡
7.申请证书
8.部署证书