SQLUNION 操作符合并两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果
UNION 结果集中的列名总是等于 UNION 中第一个 SELECT 语句中的列名
1、 不允许重复;
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2; 2、 允许重复值;
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
但这些SELECT 语句 的结果集必须符合一定的要求:
1、 每个SELECT语句必须拥有相同数量的列;
2、 列也必须拥有相似的数据类型;
3、 每个SELECT语句中的列的顺序必须相同;
演示数据
先在 MySQL 数据库运行下面的语句创建测试数据
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ddkk default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
USE ddkk;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS lession;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS lession2;
CREATE TABLE lession (
id int(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(32) default '',
views int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
created_at DATETIME
);
INSERT INTO lession(id,name,views,created_at) VALUES
(1, 'Python DDKK.COM 弟弟快看',981,'2017-04-18 13:52:03'),
(2, 'Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看',73,'2017-04-18 16:03:32');
CREATE TABLE lession2 (
id int(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(32) default '',
views int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
created_at DATETIME
);
INSERT INTO lession2(id,name,views,created_at) VALUES
(1, 'Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看',73,'2017-04-18 16:03:32'),
(2, 'Ruby DDKK.COM 弟弟快看',199,'2017-05-01 06:16:14');
使用SELECT * FROM lession; 运行结果如下
+----+---------------------+-------+---------------------+
| id | name | views | created_at |
+----+---------------------+-------+---------------------+
| 1 | Python DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 981 | 2017-04-18 13:52:03 |
| 2 | Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 73 | 2017-04-18 16:03:32 |
+----+---------------------+-------+---------------------+
使用SELECT * FROM lession2; 运行结果如下
+----+--------------------+-------+---------------------+
| id | name | views | created_at |
+----+--------------------+-------+---------------------+
| 1 | Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 73 | 2017-04-18 16:03:32 |
| 2 | Ruby DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 199 | 2017-05-01 06:16:14 |
+----+--------------------+-------+---------------------+
SQL UNION 范例
下面的SQL 语句从 lession 和 lession2 表中选取 不同的 name
SELECT name,views FROM lession UNION SELECT name,views FROM lession2;
运行结果如下
mysql> SELECT name,views FROM lession UNION SELECT name,views FROM lession2;
+---------------------+-------+
| name | views |
+---------------------+-------+
| Python DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 981 |
| Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 73 |
| Ruby DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 199 |
+---------------------+-------+
SQL UNION ALL 范例
下面的SQL 语句从 lession 和 lession2 表中选取所有的 name
SELECT name,views FROM lession UNION ALL SELECT name,views FROM lession2;
运行结果如下
mysql> SELECT name,views FROM lession UNION ALL SELECT name,views FROM lession2;
+---------------------+-------+
| name | views |
+---------------------+-------+
| Python DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 981 |
| Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 73 |
| Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 73 |
| Ruby DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 199 |
+---------------------+-------+
带有 WHERE 的 SQL UNION ALL
任何一个 SELECT 语句都可以有 WHERE 和 LIMIT 等子句
例如下面的 SQL 语句从 lession 中选取所有的 name 和 从 lession2 中选取 views 大于 100 的 name
SELECT name,views FROM lession UNION ALL SELECT name,views FROM lession2 WHERE views > 100;
运行结果如下
mysql> SELECT name,views FROM lession UNION ALL SELECT name,views FROM lession2 WHERE views > 100;
+---------------------+-------+
| name | views |
+---------------------+-------+
| Python DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 981 |
| Scala DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 73 |
| Ruby DDKK.COM 弟弟快看 | 199 |
+---------------------+-------+