题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/largest-component-size-by-common-factor/description/
题目描述
Given a non-empty array of unique positive integers A
, consider the following graph:
- There are A.length nodes, labelled A[0] to A[A.length - 1];
- There is an edge between A[i] and A[j] if and only if A[i] and A[j] share a common factor greater than 1. Return the size of the largest connected component in the graph.
Example 1:
Input: [4,6,15,35] Output: 4
Example 2:
Input: [20,50,9,63] Output: 2
Example 3:
Input: [2,3,6,7,4,12,21,39] Output: 8
Note:
1、 1<=A.length<=20000;
2、 1<=A[i]<=100000;
题目大意
如果两个数有公因子,就把他们链接到一起。问最大的一条链上面有多少个元素。
解题方法
并查集
虽然这个题是hard题目,但是如果想明白了,很简单。任何两个数之间有相同的因子,就连接到一起,换句话说,可以把每个数字和它的所有因子进行链接,最后统计哪个因子上面的数字最多即可。
所以使用的方法是并查集,但是并不是把数组里面的两个元素进行合并,而是把每个数字和它所有的因子进行union。最后统计的数字也是某个因子上面的链接的数字的个数,因为这就是一条链的意思。
Python语言的效率比较慢,需要在find()的时候,做一次路径压缩。
class Solution:
def largestComponentSize(self, A):
"""
:type A: List[int]
:rtype: int
"""
ma = max(A)
N = len(A)
m = list(range(ma + 1))
for a in A:
for k in range(2, int(math.sqrt(a)) + 1):
if a % k == 0:
self.u(m, a, k)
self.u(m, a, a // k)
count = collections.defaultdict(int)
for a in A:
count[self.f(m, a)] += 1
return max(count.values())
def f(self, m, a):
while m[a] != a:
m[a] = m[m[a]]
a = m[a]
return a
def u(self, m, a, b):
if m[a] == m[b]: return
pa = self.f(m, a)
pb = self.f(m, b)
m[pa] = pb
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但是,C++的并查集不需要太对的路径压缩。效率快就是好。C++代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
int largestComponentSize(vector<int>& A) {
int mn = *max_element(A.begin(), A.end());
m_ = vector<int>(mn + 1, -1);
for (int i = 0; i < mn; i++) {
m_[i] = i;
}
const int N = A.size();
for (int a : A) {
for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(a); i++){
if (a % i == 0) {
u(a, i);
u(a, a / i);
}
}
}
unordered_map<int, int> count;
for (int a : A) {
count[f(a)] ++;
}
int res = 0;
for (auto c : count) {
res = max(res, c.second);
}
return res;
}
private:
vector<int> m_;
vector<int> rank;
int f(int a) {
if (m_[a] == a)
return a;
m_[a] = f(m_[a]);
return m_[a];
}
void u(int a, int b) {
int pa = f(a);
int pb = f(b);
if (pa != pb) {
m_[pa] = m_[pb];
}
}
};
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