题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/different-ways-to-add-parentheses/description/
题目描述
Given a string of numbers and operators, return all possible results from computing all the different possible ways to group numbers and operators. The valid operators are +, - and *.
Example 1
Input: "2-1-1".
((2-1)-1) = 0
(2-(1-1)) = 2
Output: [0, 2]
Example 2
Input: "2*3-4*5"
(2*(3-(4*5))) = -34
((2*3)-(4*5)) = -14
((2*(3-4))*5) = -10
(2*((3-4)*5)) = -10
(((2*3)-4)*5) = 10
Output: [-34, -14, -10, -10, 10]
题目大意
给一个式子加上括号,看能够成的所有式子的值。
解题方法
方法一:递归构建所有表达式
这个题仍然可以使用回溯。通过dict保存有效的加括号方案,使用内置函数eval计算结果。
class Solution(object):
def diffWaysToCompute(self, input):
"""
:type input: str
:rtype: List[int]
"""
exprDict = dict()
nums, ops = [], []
input = re.split(r'(\D)', input)
for x in input:
if x.isdigit():
nums.append(x)
else:
ops.append(x)
self.dfs(nums, ops, exprDict)
return exprDict.values()
def dfs(self, nums, ops, exprDict):
if ops:
for x in range(len(ops)):
self.dfs(nums[:x] + ['(' + nums[x] + ops[x] + nums[x + 1] + ')'] + nums[x+2:], ops[:x] + ops[x+1:], exprDict)
elif nums[0] not in exprDict:
exprDict[nums[0]] = eval(nums[0])
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方法二:分而治之
如果仔细想一想,能发现这个题和95. Unique Binary Search Trees IIopen in new window基本一模一样,都是分别求出左右的式子的值,然后再用循环拼接在一起。
方法是,循环遍历式子中的每个位置,如果这个位置是运算符,那么把左右的式子分别计算值,然后用运算符拼到一起。如果上面这个遍历中没有遇到运算符,那么res数组就是空的,这时input是个数字,所以结果把这个数字放进去,再返回即可。
Python代码如下:
class Solution(object):
def diffWaysToCompute(self, input):
"""
:type input: str
:rtype: List[int]
"""
res = list()
N = len(input)
for i in range(N):
if input[i] == "+" or input[i] == "-" or input[i] == "*":
lefts = self.diffWaysToCompute(input[:i])
rights = self.diffWaysToCompute(input[i+1:])
for left in lefts:
for right in rights:
if input[i] == "+":
res.append(left + right)
elif input[i] == "-":
res.append(left - right)
elif input[i] == "*":
res.append(left * right)
if not res:
res.append(int(input))
return res
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C++代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> diffWaysToCompute(string input) {
const int N = input.size();
vector<int> res;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
if (input[i] == '+' || input[i] == '-' || input[i] == '*') {
vector<int> lefts = diffWaysToCompute(input.substr(0, i));
vector<int> rights = diffWaysToCompute(input.substr(i + 1));
for (int l : lefts) {
for (int r : rights) {
if (input[i] == '+')
res.push_back(l + r);
else if (input[i] == '-')
res.push_back(l - r);
else
res.push_back(l * r);
}
}
}
}
if (res.empty())
return {stoi(input)};
return res;
}
};
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参考资料:
http://bookshadow.com/weblog/2015/07/27/leetcode-different-ways-add-parentheses/ http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4682458.html
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