1、什么是kubernetes
在Google内部,Borg系统运行管理着成千上万的容器应用,已经非常成熟,基于Borg系统的思想,Kubernetes对计算资源进行了更高层次的抽象,实现了服务高可用、高可靠,隐藏资源管理和错误处理,扩大集群的容量。Kubernetes用来管理成千上万的docker,其性能非常强大。由于名字复杂,开头是k,结尾是s,中间是八个字母,所以简称k8s。
设计架构如下:
Kubernetes设计理念和功能其实就是一个类似Linux的分层架构
2、安装
现在准备四台虚拟机,server1(172.25.11.1)、server2(172.25.11.2)、server3(172.25.11.3)、server4(172.25.11.4)都已经安装docker,server1中部署harbor仓库,server2做k8s集群的管理(注意k8s的管理端的这个虚拟机必须是cpu大于等于2),server3和server4做k8s集群的node。
docker已经搭建,这里不再赘述,详见以前博客运维实操——docker容器(一)安装与镜像.
因为前面已经搭建harbor,这里不再赘述,详见以前博客运维实操——docker容器(四)搭建远程容器仓库harbor、漏洞扫描和内容信任.
1、配置环境
关闭所有节点的selinux和iptables防火墙,所有节点部署docker引擎。清空所有节点之前docker做过的实验产物,包括images、volumes、service、container、network、stack、swarm,保证纯净
server2、3、4删除之前machine的产物并重启
如果全部删除后,无法重启docker。如果报错信息显示是无法找到socket文件,可以如下修改/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
文件,让他找到socket文件。
server2、3、4禁用所有节点的swap分区,
server2、3、4注释掉/etc/fstab文件中的swap定义
server2、3、4设定docker cgroup driver为systemd,重启,docker info查看已修改
server2、3、4配置yum源,
2、安装
server2、3、4安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl,开启kubelet,设置开机自启
为了后续方便操作,server2执行ssh-genkey生成密钥,ssh-copy-id传输给server3和server4,免密操作
为了更好的管理,在harbor中创建k8s项目,设置公开,这样匿名用户才能拉取,专门放k8s的镜像
kubeadm config print init-defaults %查看默认配置信息
kubeadm config images list --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers %列出所需镜像
kubeadm config images pull --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers %拉取镜像
网上下载会很慢,而且容易无法连接,这里我提前把所需镜像放到server1的harbor仓库里,server2、3、4可以直接用仓库的,无需上网拉取。
server1导入镜像
可以看到有7个相关镜像,批量上传镜像到reg.westos.org/k8s
修改flannel网络组件的标签,并上传到reg.westos.org/library
3、初始化
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --image-repository reg.westos.org/k8s
初始化k8s集群
初始化后,有提示操作,此处的操作需要复制粘贴保存起来,方便后续使用。
这里我们是root用户,所以选择按照提示配置环境变量,并写入.bash_profile中
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
%配置kubectl命令补齐功能,成功后,命令行输入kubectl 然后tab可以补出命令
查看节点状态,可以看到有两个没开,是因为没有安装flannel网络组件
4、安装flannel网络组件
下载flannel网络组件:https://github.com/coreos/flannel
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.14.0 %从网上拉取flannel网络组件镜像
docker tag quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.14.0 reg.westos.org/library/flannel:v0.14.0 %更改标签
docker push reg.westos.org/library/flannel:v0.14.0 %上传镜像到harbor仓库
这里我已经提前放到仓库中
下载yml脚本https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
vimkube-flannel.yml 修改image路径为仓库路径
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
SELinux
seLinux:
SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: flannel:v0.14.0 %修改image路径为仓库路径
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: flannel:v0.14.0 %修改image路径为仓库路径
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
启动组件,查看全部开启了
5、其他节点加入集群
server3加入到server2部署好的k8s集群中,使用的命令就是初始化后提示的信息
server4加入到server2部署好的k8s集群中,使用的命令就是初始化后提示的信息
在server2处,查看server3、server4确实已经加入集群。