51、Flink深入:Flink高级特性之广播状态(BroadcastState)

1. BroadcastState介绍

在开发过程中,如果遇到需要下发/广播配置、规则等低吞吐事件流到下游所有 task 时,就可以使用 Broadcast State。Broadcast State 是 Flink 1.5 引入的新特性。

下游的task 接收这些配置、规则并保存为 BroadcastState, 将这些配置应用到另一个数据流的计算中 。

场景举例:

1、动态更新计算规则: 如事件流需要根据最新的规则进行计算,则可将规则作为广播状态广播到下游Task中。

2、实时增加额外字段: 如事件流需要实时增加用户的基础信息,则可将用户的基础信息作为广播状态广播到下游Task中。

API介绍:

首先创建一个Keyed 或Non-Keyed 的DataStream,然后再创建一个BroadcastedStream,最后通过DataStream来连接(调用connect 方法)到Broadcasted Stream 上,这样实现将BroadcastState广播到Data Stream 下游的每个Task中。

案例一:

如果DataStream是Keyed Stream ,则连接到Broadcasted Stream 后, 添加处理ProcessFunction 时需要使用KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 来实现, 下面是KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 的API,代码如下所示:

public abstract class KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction<KS, IN1, IN2, OUT> extends BaseBroadcastProcessFunction {
    public abstract void processElement(final IN1 value, final ReadOnlyContext ctx, final Collector<OUT> out) throws Exception;
    public abstract void processBroadcastElement(final IN2 value, final Context ctx, final Collector<OUT> out) throws Exception;
}

上面泛型中的各个参数的含义,说明如下:

  • KS:表示Flink 程序从最上游的Source Operator 开始构建Stream,当调用keyBy 时所依赖的Key 的类型;
  • IN1:表示非Broadcast 的Data Stream 中的数据记录的类型;
  • IN2:表示Broadcast Stream 中的数据记录的类型;
  • OUT:表示经过KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 的processElement()和processBroadcastElement()方法处理后输出结果数据记录的类型。

案例二:

如果Data Stream 是Non-Keyed Stream,则连接到Broadcasted Stream 后,添加处理ProcessFunction 时需要使用BroadcastProcessFunction 来实现, 下面是BroadcastProcessFunction 的API,代码如下所示:

public abstract class BroadcastProcessFunction<IN1, IN2, OUT> extends BaseBroadcastProcessFunction {
		public abstract void processElement(final IN1 value, final ReadOnlyContext ctx, final Collector<OUT> out) throws Exception;
		public abstract void processBroadcastElement(final IN2 value, final Context ctx, final Collector<OUT> out) throws Exception;
}

上面泛型中的各个参数的含义,与前面KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 的泛型类型中的后3 个含义相同,只是没有调用keyBy 操作对原始Stream 进行分区操作,就不需要KS 泛型参数。

具体如何使用上面的BroadcastProcessFunction,接下来我们会在通过实际编程,来以使用KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 为例进行详细说明。

注意事项:

  • Broadcast State 是Map 类型,即K-V 类型。
  • Broadcast State 只有在广播的一侧, 即在BroadcastProcessFunction 或KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 的processBroadcastElement 方法中可以修改。在非广播的一侧, 即在BroadcastProcessFunction 或KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction 的processElement 方法中只读。
  • Broadcast State 中元素的顺序,在各Task 中可能不同。基于顺序的处理,需要注意。
  • Broadcast State 在Checkpoint 时,每个Task 都会Checkpoint 广播状态。
  • Broadcast State 在运行时保存在内存中,目前还不能保存在RocksDB State Backend 中。

2. 需求-实现配置动态更新

 

实时过滤出配置中的用户,并在事件流中补全这批用户的基础信息。

1、 事件流:表示用户在某个时刻浏览或点击了某个商品,格式如下;

{"userID": "user_3", "eventTime": "2019-08-17 12:19:47", "eventType": "browse", "productID": 1}
{"userID": "user_2", "eventTime": "2019-08-17 12:19:48", "eventType": "click", "productID": 1}

2、 配置数据:表示用户的详细信息,在Mysql中,如下;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_info;
CREATE TABLE user_info  (
  userID varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  userName varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  userAge int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (userID) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- --------
-- Records of user_info
-- --------
INSERT INTO user_info VALUES ('user_1', '张三', 10);
INSERT INTO user_info VALUES ('user_2', '李四', 20);
INSERT INTO user_info VALUES ('user_3', '王五', 30);
INSERT INTO user_info VALUES ('user_4', '赵六', 40);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

3、 输出结果;

(user_3,2019-08-17 12:19:47,browse,1,王五,33)
(user_2,2019-08-17 12:19:48,click,1,李四,20)

3. 编码步骤

1.	env

2.	source
    2.1. 构建实时数据事件流-自定义随机
        <userID, eventTime, eventType, productID>
    2.2.构建配置流-从MySQL
        <用户id,<姓名,年龄>>

3.	transformation
    3.1. 定义状态描述器
        MapStateDescriptor<Void, Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> descriptor =
        new MapStateDescriptor<>("config",Types.VOID, Types.MAP(Types.STRING, Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT)));
    3.2. 广播配置流
        BroadcastStream<Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> broadcastDS = configDS.broadcast(descriptor);
    3.3. 将事件流和广播流进行连接
        BroadcastConnectedStream<Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer>, Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> connectDS =eventDS.connect(broadcastDS);
    3.4. 处理连接后的流-根据配置流补全事件流中的用户的信息

4.	sink

5.	execute

4. 代码实现

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.BroadcastState;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.MapStateDescriptor;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ReadOnlyBroadcastState;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.Types;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple2;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple4;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple6;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.BroadcastConnectedStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.BroadcastStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.co.BroadcastProcessFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.RichSourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.SourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Desc
 * 需求:
 * 使用Flink的BroadcastState来完成
 * 事件流和配置流(需要广播为State)的关联,并实现配置的动态更新!
 */
public class BroadcastStateConfigUpdate {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1.env
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        //2.source
        //-1.构建实时的自定义随机数据事件流-数据源源不断产生,量会很大
        //<userID, eventTime, eventType, productID>
        DataStreamSource<Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer>> eventDS = env.addSource(new MySource());

        //-2.构建配置流-从MySQL定期查询最新的,数据量较小
        //<用户id,<姓名,年龄>>
        DataStreamSource<Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> configDS = env.addSource(new MySQLSource());

        //3.transformation
        //-1.定义状态描述器-准备将配置流作为状态广播
        MapStateDescriptor<Void, Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> descriptor =
                new MapStateDescriptor<>("config", Types.VOID, Types.MAP(Types.STRING, Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT)));
        //-2.将配置流根据状态描述器广播出去,变成广播状态流
        BroadcastStream<Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> broadcastDS = configDS.broadcast(descriptor);

        //-3.将事件流和广播流进行连接
        BroadcastConnectedStream<Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer>, Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> connectDS =eventDS.connect(broadcastDS);
        //-4.处理连接后的流-根据配置流补全事件流中的用户的信息
        SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple6<String, String, String, Integer, String, Integer>> result = connectDS
                //BroadcastProcessFunction<IN1, IN2, OUT>
                .process(new BroadcastProcessFunction<
                //<userID, eventTime, eventType, productID> //事件流
                Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer>,
                //<用户id,<姓名,年龄>> //广播流
                Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>,
                //<用户id,eventTime,eventType,productID,姓名,年龄> //需要收集的数据
                Tuple6<String, String, String, Integer, String, Integer>>() {

            //处理事件流中的元素
            @Override
            public void processElement(Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer> value, ReadOnlyContext ctx, Collector<Tuple6<String, String, String, Integer, String, Integer>> out) throws Exception {
                //取出事件流中的userId
                String userId = value.f0;
                //根据状态描述器获取广播状态
                ReadOnlyBroadcastState<Void, Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> broadcastState = ctx.getBroadcastState(descriptor);
                if (broadcastState != null) {
                    //取出广播状态中的map<用户id,<姓名,年龄>>
                    Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>> map = broadcastState.get(null);
                    if (map != null) {
                        //通过userId取map中的<姓名,年龄>
                        Tuple2<String, Integer> tuple2 = map.get(userId);
                        //取出tuple2中的姓名和年龄
                        String userName = tuple2.f0;
                        Integer userAge = tuple2.f1;
                        out.collect(Tuple6.of(userId, value.f1, value.f2, value.f3, userName, userAge));
                    }
                }
            }

            //处理广播流中的元素
            @Override
            public void processBroadcastElement(Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>> value, Context ctx, Collector<Tuple6<String, String, String, Integer, String, Integer>> out) throws Exception {
                //value就是MySQLSource中每隔一段时间获取到的最新的map数据
                //先根据状态描述器获取历史的广播状态
                BroadcastState<Void, Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> broadcastState = ctx.getBroadcastState(descriptor);
                //再清空历史状态数据
                broadcastState.clear();
                //最后将最新的广播流数据放到state中(更新状态数据)
                broadcastState.put(null, value);
            }
        });
        //4.sink
        result.print();
        //5.execute
        env.execute();
    }

    /**
     * <userID, eventTime, eventType, productID>
     */
    public static class MySource implements SourceFunction<Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer>>{
        private boolean isRunning = true;
        @Override
        public void run(SourceContext<Tuple4<String, String, String, Integer>> ctx) throws Exception {
            Random random = new Random();
            SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
            while (isRunning){
                int id = random.nextInt(4) + 1;
                String user_id = "user_" + id;
                String eventTime = df.format(new Date());
                String eventType = "type_" + random.nextInt(3);
                int productId = random.nextInt(4);
                ctx.collect(Tuple4.of(user_id,eventTime,eventType,productId));
                Thread.sleep(500);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void cancel() {
            isRunning = false;
        }
    }
    /**
     * <用户id,<姓名,年龄>>
     */
    public static class MySQLSource extends RichSourceFunction<Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> {
        private boolean flag = true;
        private Connection conn = null;
        private PreparedStatement ps = null;
        private ResultSet rs = null;

        @Override
        public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bigdata", "root", "root");
            String sql = "select userID, userName, userAge from user_info";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        }
        @Override
        public void run(SourceContext<Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>> ctx) throws Exception {
            while (flag){
                Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>> map = new HashMap<>();
                ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
                while (rs.next()){
                    String userID = rs.getString("userID");
                    String userName = rs.getString("userName");
                    int userAge = rs.getInt("userAge");
                    //Map<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>>
                    map.put(userID,Tuple2.of(userName,userAge));
                }
                ctx.collect(map);
                Thread.sleep(5000);//每隔5s更新一下用户的配置信息!
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void cancel() {
            flag = false;
        }
        @Override
        public void close() throws Exception {
            if (conn != null) conn.close();
            if (ps != null) ps.close();
            if (rs != null) rs.close();
        }
    }
}