本文关键词:电话号码, 字母组合,回溯法,题解,leetcode, 力扣,Python, C++, Java
题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/description/
题目描述
Given a string containing digits from 2-9 inclusive, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.
Amapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below. Note that 1 does not map to any letters.
Example:
Input: "23"
Output: ["ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"].
Note:
Although the above answer is in lexicographical order, your answer could be in any order you want.
题目大意
在拨号键盘上按下了几个键,问能打出来的字符串的所有组合是多少。
解题方法
回溯法
依然是回溯法。要求所有的可能的字符串的组合。
有点类似784. Letter Case Permutation,不需要对index进行for循环,因为对index进行for循环产生的是所有可能的组合。而这两个题要求的组合的长度是固定的,每个位置都要有字母。
另外就是要判断一下path != ''
,原因是当 digits 为""
的要求的结果是 []
,而不是 [""]
。
Python代码如下:
class Solution(object):
def letterCombinations(self, digits):
"""
:type digits: str
:rtype: List[str]
"""
kvmaps = {'2': 'abc', '3': 'def', '4': 'ghi', '5': 'jkl', '6': 'mno', '7': 'pqrs', '8': 'tuv', '9': 'wxyz'}
res = []
self.dfs(digits, 0, res, '', kvmaps)
return res
def dfs(self, string, index, res, path, kvmaps):
if index == len(string):
if path != '':
res.append(path)
return
for j in kvmaps[string[index]]:
self.dfs(string, index + 1, res, path + j, kvmaps)
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如果不新增函数,而是直接使用题目给出的函数,也可以很快写出代码。唯一要注意的是,当题目输入为""
的时候,要返回{},那么for循环就没法遍历,所以我给他添加成了{""}
,这样循环就能进行了。
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> letterCombinations(string digits) {
if (digits.size() == 0) return {};
vector<string> res;
for (char d : board[digits[0]]) {
auto next = letterCombinations(digits.substr(1));
if (next.size() == 0)
next.push_back("");
for (string n : next) {
res.push_back(d + n);
}
}
return res;
}
private:
unordered_map<char, string> board = {{'2', "abc"}, {'3', "def"}, {'4', "ghi"}, {'5', "jkl"}, {'6', "mno"}, {'7', "pqrs"}, {'8', "tuv"}, {'9', "wxyz"}};
};
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内置函数
使用python 自带的product笛卡尔乘积函数。
from itertools import product
class Solution(object):
def letterCombinations(self, digits):
"""
:type digits: str
:rtype: List[str]
"""
if not digits:
return []
kvmaps = {'2': 'abc', '3': 'def', '4': 'ghi', '5': 'jkl', '6': 'mno', '7': 'pqrs', '8': 'tuv', '9': 'wxyz'}
answer = []
for each in product(*[kvmaps[key] for key in digits]):
answer.append(''.join(each))
return answer
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循环
使用循环也能轻松把这个题目给搞定。使用结果数组res表示遍历到当前的位置已有的结果,那么再遍历下一个位置的时候,把这个位置能形成的所有结果和原来的进行两两组合。
python代码如下:
class Solution(object):
def letterCombinations(self, digits):
"""
:type digits: str
:rtype: List[str]
"""
if digits == "": return []
d = {'2' : "abc", '3' : "def", '4' : "ghi", '5' : "jkl", '6' : "mno", '7' : "pqrs", '8' : "tuv", '9' : "wxyz"}
res = ['']
for e in digits:
res = [w + c for c in d[e] for w in res]
return res
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