15、Hadoop 教程 - MapReduce框架原理之OutputFormat数据输出

1. OutputFormat接口实现类

OutputFormat是MapReduce输出的基类，所有实现MapReduce输出都实现了 OutputFormat接口。下面介绍几种常见的OutputFormat实现类。

1）OutputFormat实现类

2）默认输出格式TextOutputFormat

3）自定义OutputFormat

例如：输出数据到MySQL/HBase/Elasticsearch等存储框架中。

需要先自定义一个类继承FileOutputFormat，然后改写RecordWriter，具体改写输出数据的方法write()。

2. 自定义OutputFormat案例实操

2.1. 需求

过滤输入的log日志，包含baidu的网站输出到e:/baidu.log，不包含atguigu的网站输出到e:/other.log。

输入数据：

http://www.baidu.com
http://www.google.com
http://cn.bing.com
http://www.baidu.com
http://www.sohu.com
http://www.sina.com
http://www.sin2a.com
http://www.sin2desa.com
http://www.sindsafa.com

期望输出数据：

baidu.log数据：

http://www.baidu.com

other.log数据：

http://cn.bing.com
http://www.google.com
http://www.sin2a.com
http://www.sin2desa.com
http://www.sina.com
http://www.sindsafa.com
http://www.sohu.com

2.2. 需求分析

2.3. 案例实操

1）编写LogMapper类

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text,Text, NullWritable> {
    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //不做任何处理,直接写出一行log数据
        context.write(value,NullWritable.get());
    }
}

2）编写LogReducer类

import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogReducer extends Reducer<Text, NullWritable,Text, NullWritable> {
    @Override
    protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<NullWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        // 防止有相同的数据,迭代写出
        for (NullWritable value : values) {
            context.write(key,NullWritable.get());
        }
    }
}

3）自定义一个LogOutputFormat类

import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogOutputFormat extends FileOutputFormat<Text, NullWritable> {
    @Override
    public RecordWriter<Text, NullWritable> getRecordWriter(TaskAttemptContext job) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //创建一个自定义的RecordWriter返回
        LogRecordWriter logRecordWriter = new LogRecordWriter(job);
        return logRecordWriter;
    }
}

4）编写LogRecordWriter类

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogRecordWriter extends RecordWriter<Text, NullWritable> {

    private FSDataOutputStream atguiguOut;
    private FSDataOutputStream otherOut;

    public LogRecordWriter(TaskAttemptContext job) {
        try {
            //获取文件系统对象
            FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
            //用文件系统对象创建两个输出流对应不同的目录
            atguiguOut = fs.create(new Path("d:/hadoop/atguigu.log"));
            otherOut = fs.create(new Path("d:/hadoop/other.log"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void write(Text key, NullWritable value) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        String log = key.toString();
        //根据一行的log数据是否包含atguigu,判断两条输出流输出的内容
        if (log.contains("atguigu")) {
            atguiguOut.writeBytes(log + "\n");
        } else {
            otherOut.writeBytes(log + "\n");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void close(TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //关流
        IOUtils.closeStream(atguiguOut);
        IOUtils.closeStream(otherOut);
    }
}

5）编写LogDriver类

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogDriver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {

        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);

        job.setJarByClass(LogDriver.class);
        job.setMapperClass(LogMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(LogReducer.class);

        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);

        //设置自定义的outputformat
        job.setOutputFormatClass(LogOutputFormat.class);

        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\input"));
        //虽然我们自定义了outputformat，但是因为我们的outputformat继承自fileoutputformat
        //而fileoutputformat要输出一个_SUCCESS文件，所以在这还得指定一个输出目录
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\logoutput"));

        boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
    }
}