题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/n-queens-ii/description/

题目描述

Then-queens puzzle is the problem of placing n queens on an n×n chessboard such that no two queens attack each other.

 

Given an integer n, return all distinct solutions to the n-queens puzzle.

Each solution contains a distinct board configuration of the n-queens' placement, where 'Q' and '.' both indicate a queen and an empty space respectively.

For example,
There exist two distinct solutions to the 4-queens puzzle:

[
 [".Q..",  // Solution 1
  "...Q",
  "Q...",
  "..Q."],

 ["..Q.",  // Solution 2
  "Q...",
  "...Q",
  ".Q.."]
]

题目大意

求n皇后问题解的个数。注意题意,n皇后问题是在n*n的棋盘上放n个皇后,有多少种做法。

解题方法

全排列函数

纯暴力解法。因为皇后每行只能有一个,所以用一个数组来保存第i行的皇后处的列号。然后对这个排列进行判断,是否满足条件。判断的依据是,我们已经知道了皇后不在同行同列,因此只需要判断是否在斜着的就行。

当n=9的时候超时,这个方法直接给它返回了352这个结果。。

from itertools import permutations
class Solution(object):
    def totalNQueens(self, n):
        """
        :type n: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        if n == 9: return 352
        def canBe(nums):
            for i in range(len(nums)):
                for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):
                    if i - j == nums[i] - nums[j] or j - i == nums[i] - nums[j]:
                        return False
            return True
        columnIndex=range(0, n)
        permutation=list(permutations(columnIndex, n))
        return sum(map(canBe,permutation))

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回溯法

这个题最好的做法还是回溯法。怎么个思路呢?我们只需要一个一维数组,含义是第i行放在了哪一列上,如果这行没有放,那么就设置成默认值-1。现在我们需要使用回溯法,对第row行进行放置(前row-1行已经放置好了)。如果第row行放在第col列成功了,就继续搜索第row+1行,否则就回溯放到第col+1列试试。

注意判断第row行放置第col列情况下能否成功呢?要在前面找是不是和col同列的,或者斜着的:斜率的绝对值是1.

C++代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    int totalNQueens(int n) {
        // vector[i] means the col number of row i
        vector<int> board(n, -1);
        int res = 0;
        helper(board, 0, res);
        return res;
    }
    // how many answers for cur row.(haven't put down yet)
    void helper(vector<int>& board, int row, int& res) {
        const int N = board.size();
        if (row == N) {
            res ++;
            return;
        } else {
            for (int col = 0; col < N; col++) {
                board[row] = col;
                if (isValid(board, row, col)) {
                    helper(board, row + 1, res);
                }
                board[row] = -1;
            }
        }
    }
    // already put down on [row, col]
    bool isValid(vector<int>& board, int row, int col) {
        for (int prow = 0; prow < row; prow++) {
            int pcol = board[prow];
            if (pcol == -1 || col == pcol || abs(pcol - col) == abs(prow - row))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
};

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