题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-inorder-traversal/

题目描述

Given a binary tree, return the inorder traversal of its nodes' values.

Forexample:

Given binary tree [1,null,2,3],
   1
    \
     2
    /
   3
return [1,3,2].

Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

解题方法

递归

题目要求中序遍历。这里给递归解法和遍历解法,要背会哦~

递归方法比较简单,直接按照左子树->该节点->右子树的顺序遍历即可。

如果有不明白的,直接看官方解答,有图文:https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-inorder-traversal/solution/

Python代码如下:

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def inorderTraversal(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        answer = []
        def inorder(root):
            if root == None:
                return None
            if root.left != None:
                inorder(root.left)
            answer.append(root.val)
            if root.right != None:
                inorder(root.right)
        inorder(root)
        return answer

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C++代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        inOrder(root);
        return res;
    }
private:
    vector<int> res;
    void inOrder(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return;
        inOrder(root->left);
        res.push_back(root->val);
        inOrder(root->right);
    }
};

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迭代

迭代解法需要用到栈,这个方法确实比递归难得多了。

我们先把节点所有的左节点放入栈中,然后开始出栈,每次出栈都把栈中的元素放入到结果中,并且把这个结果的右孩子放入栈中。

因此,这里的遍历顺序先沿着最左方向到达最左下角的孩子,然后每次弹出来一个节点,把该节点的值放入结果中,并开始处理该节点的右子树。

Python代码如下。

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def inorderTraversal(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        stack = []
        answer = []
        while True:
            while root:
                stack.append(root)
                root = root.left
            if not stack:
                return answer
            root = stack.pop()
            answer.append(root.val)
            root = root.right

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C++代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> s;
        vector<int> res;
        TreeNode* p = root;
        while (!s.empty() || p) {
            if (p) {
                s.push(p);
                p = p->left;
            } else {
                TreeNode* t = s.top(); s.pop();
                res.push_back(t->val);
                p = t->right;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

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